5-18. Cybersecurity and Risk Management for EHS Systems

In recent years, the digitalization of EHS (Environment, Health, and Safety) management systems in factories and offices has advanced rapidly, leveraging technologies like IoT and the cloud. While these systems contribute to improved safety and efficiency through sensor-based monitoring, cloud management, and AI-powered risk prediction, they are also vulnerable to cyber attacks. Consequently, cybersecurity has become a critical aspect of EHS management.

1. Cyber Risks in EHS Systems

EHS systems handle highly sensitive information, including worker health data, chemical management records, and equipment operational status. If this information is leaked, it could lead to a loss of corporate credibility or legal violations. Furthermore, if a control system is compromised by unauthorized access, it could cause equipment malfunctions, production line shutdowns, or even serious workplace accidents.

2. Common Cyber Attacks

Typical threats include malware infections from targeted emails and data tampering through unauthorized access. There is also a growing number of cases where ransomware encrypts critical safety data, causing system shutdowns. EHS systems are often linked to a factory's IoT devices and remote surveillance cameras, making these devices common entry points for attacks.

3. Foundational Cybersecurity Measures

Effective EHS risk management requires both technical and organizational measures. On the technical side, it is crucial to implement firewalls, IDS/IPS (Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems), data encryption, and multi-factor authentication (MFA). Organizationally, companies must provide regular security training, establish incident response procedures, and conduct vulnerability assessments with external experts. It is also effective to set cybersecurity standards for vendors and suppliers and require them to comply.

4. The Importance of Integrating Cybersecurity and EHS

Risk management for EHS systems is strengthened by integrating safety measures with cybersecurity. For instance, an anomaly detected in data could be a sign of a cyber attack, not just equipment trouble. Therefore, it is essential for IT and EHS departments to collaborate and establish procedures for initial incident response and information sharing.

5. Future Outlook

In the future, the use of AI for detecting cyber attacks and the adoption of zero-trust security are expected to become common in EHS systems. This will enable secure and sustainable EHS management by ensuring data integrity and system availability.

Conclusion

Cybersecurity is an unavoidable challenge in modern EHS risk management. In addition to technical defenses, building a culture of awareness throughout the organization and a cross-departmental response system is essential for protecting worker safety and the environment while maintaining corporate trust.